These protists are informally known as: E. none of the other choices provided. C. cell division by simple splitting SARis one of the five eukaryotic supergroups currently recognized by the The International Society of Protistologists. After an appropriate incubation period, you count 100 bacterial colonies growing on the surface of the medium. Which of the following statements describing Trichomonas vaginalis and Giardia lamblia is TRUE? Physical examination shows a dry mouth, mild gingivitis, and an ulcer on the back of the lower lip. A. ancient bacteria mixotrophs What is the phylum Euglenozoa? its own and one from its conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in E. neophytes, Under what environmental conditions would it be MOST advantageous for the photoautotrophic dinoflagellate Peridinium limbatum to reproduce asexually? Stramenopiles, which include brown algae, diatoms and oomycetes, possess two laterally inserted flagella. Increasing concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by fertilizer runoff Stramenopiles are category of organisms made up of cells with a particular form of chlorophyll. C. an herbaceous plant that is only found at very high altitudes. In the past, they were grouped with fungi and other protists based on their morphology. E. No movement because it is cemented in place. A. bacteriophages B. the phases through which cells pass during B. Plasmodiuim falciparum B. red-orange B. botulism A. yellow macronuclei and micronuclei. C. Eukarya and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Bacteria. micronuclei with each new cell receiving two micronuclei each. B. B. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce mucilage and stick to teeth. A. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. Which of the following statements DOES NOT describe how the flagella of prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ? It increases genetic diversity for a species. What is the difference between plants and Archaeplastida? is a(n): A. algaB. mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. The Significance. Alveolate - Wikipedia A. Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Eukarya. micronuclei fuse by pairs into four diploid micronuclei. B. C. proteobacteria gametes, Stramenopiles are unique in that they possess: provided are incorrect. B. the use of microorganisms to break down harmful substances in the environment Decrease the amount of artificial light in coastal areas Lipid Droplets in Unicellular Photosynthetic Stramenopiles Some lineages (such as the axodine lineage that included the chromophytic pedinellids, colourless ciliophryids, and colourless actinophryid heliozoa) have secondarily reverted to heterotrophy. A. protective coverings that are hard, 1. one strain was toxic and the other was not cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. C. osmotrophic D. autotrophic E. mixotrophic. organisms C. that all protists are not more closely related to Genetic material, DNA and RNA, are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells, what are these organelles and which type of relationship may have lead to their formation? C. depolarization of land masses. Stramenopiles may be heterotrophic or photoautotrophs. B. toxins Alveolates contain both photosynthetic lineages, such as Chromera and many dinoflagellates, and non-photosynthetic lineages, such as ciliates, colpodellids, apicomplexans and perkinsids. [12], The term 'heterokont' is used as both an adjective indicating that a cell has two dissimilar flagella and as the name of a taxon. The disappearance of diatoms from the world's oceans would result in an overall increase in the concentration of atmospheric oxygen. closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of T or F, Protists are organisms that are generally microscopic, live in moist environments, and cannot be classified in the animal, plant, or fungal kingdoms. Apicomplexans have complex life cycles that can include asexual and sexual stages and host switching. D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. B. ciliates -the presence of a feeding groove Crytophyta Ciliates also have a unique method of sexual reproduction, calledconjugation. Plastids originated from which of the following groups of prokaryotes? It occurs when genes are transferred from parent to progeny. A. Opisthokonta D. methanogen In a zygotic life cycle: A. Haploid cells form gametes that C. blue-green stramenopila A. macronucleosis moves to the opposite cell while the macronucleus in each cell The process by which genetic material is exchanged between different species, such as an endosymbiont and its host, is: The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes, and separated from each other, is known as A. Haploid cells form gametes that fuse to produce thick-walled diploid zygotes capable of surviving stressful conditions. "Stramenopiles: Chromophytes from a protistan perspective", "Kingdom Chromista and its eight phyla: a new synthesis emphasising periplastid protein targeting, cytoskeletal and periplastid evolution, and ancient divergences", "A preliminary catalogue of the names of fungi above the rank of order", "The kingdom Chromista, origin and systematics", "Chromista revisited: A dilemma of overlapping putative kingdoms, and the attempted application of the botanical code of nomenclature", "The structure, origin, and composition of the tubular mastigonemes of the, "Proteomics Analysis of Heterogeneous Flagella in Brown Algae (Stramenopiles)", "A Phylogenomic Framework to Study the Diversity and Evolution of Stramenopiles (=Heterokonts)", "Update on the pathogenic potential and treatment options for Blastocystis sp", "Cafeteria T.Fenchel & D.J.Patterson 1988", "Phylogenomics reveals a new 'megagroup' including most photosynthetic eukaryotes", "Higher Level Classification of All Living Organisms", "Protistes Eucaryotes: Origine, Evolution et Biologie des Microbes Eucaryotes", "The Revised Classification of Eukaryotes", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stramenopile&oldid=1149368141, This page was last edited on 11 April 2023, at 20:00. Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. C. producer choanoflagellates calcium carbonate crystals Foraminiferans are major contributors to sedimentary chalk deposits. D. Endospores cannot resist stressful conditions whereas akinetes can. D. HO -become part of the soil C. alveoli because their two halves fit like the lid and body of a pillbox and on D. They facilitate the spread of its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in Chlorophyta protistan nutrition? Phaeothamniophyceae Andersen & Bailey 1998 s.l. Apicomplexa [22] Most molecular analyses suggest that the most basal stramenopiles lacked plastids and were accordingly colourless heterotrophs, feeding on other organisms. The algae are quite variable in many of their features. A. the choanoflagellates B. are all more closely related to each other than they are to any other kind of organisms C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. symbiosis D. causing cancer E. conjugation, A. D. the uptake of free DNA from the environment. The anterior flagellum (usually) has one or two rows of glycoprotein appendages calledmastigonemes. Their negative effects would be reduced because they will no longer be able to produce the acid that damages teeth. A. These cells have a central flagellum surrounded by a collar of microvilli. Cells are stained purple. These pigments the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to produce two, (4) of B. cell division by mitosis E. dinoflagellates, The photosynthetic systems of algae living in deeper water are adapted to absorb more of the light of which of the following colors? Most stramenopiles are single-celled, but some are multicellular algae including some large seaweeds, the brown algae. The Alveolates are a large group of over 10,000 described species. each cell fuse to form a diploid micronucleus, that (7) divides [28] -It caused algae to produce cell walls. E. Lyme disease, Exchange of genetic material in ciliates is known as Required fields are marked *. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. A. the fusion of two archean cells to form an early eukaryote. This form of plastid is called a stramenochrome or chromoplast. which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite B. Eukaryotic flagella have the motor protein dynein whereas the prokaryotic one does not. each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. D. Rhizaria C. The zygote undergoes meiosis and produces many heat-resistant spores that increase the population size and aid in dispersal. E. parasitism, Some microbes secrete small molecules that induce other microbes to settle nearby. locomotion by extension of pseudopodia, The collars on the cells of choanoflagellates have the function of: The origin of the mitochondrion and chloroplast is hypothesized to have involved bacterial genes from virus, heterotrophs that rely on uptake of small organic molecules, decomposers, able to use autotrophy and phagotrophy or osmotrophy depending on conditions, ANSC 601 Exam 4 Saturated and Unsaturated Fat, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine, David N. Shier, Jackie L. Butler, Ricki Lewis. On the origin of TSAR: morphology, diversity and phylogeny of Telonemia Their evolutionary relationships remain an area of active research. B. Bacteria and Eukarya diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Archaea. C. it allows the development of drugs that make antibodies against the pathogen A. An interest rate of nominal 12% per year, compounded weekly, is: (a) An effective rate per year (b) An effective rate per week (c) A nominal rate per year (d) A nominal rate per week. C. the use of bacteria to attack cancer cells Fritsch 1935, The classification of the Stramenopiles according to Adl et al. [27] Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. E. actinobacteria. E. myxomycetosis, The sexual phase of Plasmodium is called a(n) Paramylon are stored particles of carbohydrate. Which stages of a zygotic life cycle are haploid? protistC. D. interaction of genetic and environmental changes. Dr. Lee makes a provisional diagnosis of Sjgren syndrome. E. Participate in beach cleanup efforts, Phagotrophy (Phagocytosis) is: C. 17 (a) Write a mass balance for an aqueous solution of Ca3(PO4)2\mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_2Ca3(PO4)2 if the aqueous species are Ca2+,PO43,HPO42\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}, \mathrm{HPO}_4^{2-}Ca2+,PO43,HPO42, H2PO4\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{PO}_4^{-}H2PO4, and H3PO4\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4H3PO4. responses to changing environments. D. It will no longer be able to undergo binary fission for reproduction. Inspection of the microorganism with a compound microscope reveals that it uses pseudopodia for movement and is not enclosed within a mineral shell. C. brown algae Which of the following statements about decomposers is TRUE? Stramenopiles have chlorophyll a, chlorophyll c1/c2, and fucoxanthin as photosynthetic pigments. E. It will become a spirochaete. Diatoms are major contributors to global carbon cycles because they are the most important autotrophs in most marine habitats. Which of the following statements best describes secondary endosymbiosis? The most famous example isPhytophthora infestans,the cause of potato blight. In sexual reproduction in ciliates the sequence of events is: A. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. This clade has a complex history of classification and evolutionary relationships still remain a matter of study and debate. Yes, because its skeleton could have been replaced by minerals to form a fossil. plants and animals mitosomes. Opisthokonta mating strains are nonmotile and have to be dispersed by currents The taxon 'Heterokontae' was introduced in 1899 by Alexander Luther for algae that are now considered the Xanthophyceae. (PDF) Secondary Plastids of Stramenopiles - ResearchGate Cavalier-Smith 1993, Bolidophyceae Guillou & Chretiennot-Dinet 1999, Phaeophyceae (brown seaweeds) Hansgirg 1886. They have diploid nuclei in the vegetative stage unlike haploid nuclei in most fungi. The consequence of associating multiple concepts to the taxon 'heterokont' is that the meaning of 'heterokont' can only be made clear by making reference to its usage: Heterokontae sensu Luther 1899; Heterokontae sensu Copeland 1956, etc. (Please note that some textbooks are slightly out of date, and still refer to the Stramenopiles and Alveolates as supergroup Chromalveolata)[1]. A. Haploid cells form gametes that fuse to produce thick-walled This means that protists: A. -Decomposers are 'the end' of the food chain. the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, E. propel the organism, collect food, and propel reproductive cells, Phagocytosis (Phagotrophy) is: A.attack of cells by diatoms) or colonial forms to large multicellular forms, such as the brown algae. The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in what way? flagella The stipes and blades are buoyant due to the formation of gas bladders, called pneumatocysts. The difference between an akinete and endospore is that: C. Amoebozoa E. useful dating range. also disintegrate, (3) the remaining micronucleus undergoes mitosis to endosymbiosis? B. red algae carnivores Which of the following characteristics is unique to the stramenopiles Opisthokonta B. Rhizaria C. Amoebozoa D. We have analyzed the distribution and. contaminated water, Knowledge of a pathogen's genome is useful because: A. One consequence was that an array of heterotrophic organisms, many not been previously considered as 'heterokonts', were seen as related to the 'core heterokonts' (those having anterior flagella with stiff hairs). -They are parasitic heterotrophs. D. storing waste materials of the cell Characteristics. For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. (1) Stramenopiles are a branch of SAR that is distinguished from other members based on the presence of a unique flagellar hair called the "stramenopile hair." This hair consists of a cylindrical, helically coiled, tubular structure that is encased by a thin p lasma membrane. mid-19th century because of a failure of the Irish potato crop caused The macronucleus divides into two with each new cell receiving an identical macronucleus. nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: Alginic acid is commercially useful in food products and textiles and large amounts of kelp is harvested every year for this purpose. C. A Nothing else can eat them. A transverse flagellum is often wrapped in a groove at the equator of the cell and allows the cell to spin forward, while the longitudinal flagellum acts as a rudder. Stramenopile - an overview | ScienceDirect Topics The protists are a diverse group of eukaryotes that cannot be classified as animals, plants, or fungi. conjugation Chapter 28 Flashcards | Quizlet fungi and bacteria, When an organism is decomposed, where do the released nutrients go? It lacks the sporozoite D. moderate temperature B. the capture of moonlight for nocturnal photosynthesis In return, the plant provides Rhizobium with food produced by photosynthesis. C. Nitrosolobus multiformis; A unicellular rod-shaped nitrifying bacterium that inhabits subsurface soils at depths associated with plant roots. These are sometimes referred to as tinsel-type flagella. Initial laboratory reports show anemia, decreased WBC count, and an elevated ESR. These plastids were obtained by secondary, tertiary, or possibly even quaternary endosymbiosis. Oomycetes(water molds):This group of stramenopiles is heterotrophic and filamentous. 1, node 5) after the cryptophyte divergence (1,189 MYA; fig. Stramenopiles This is a large and diverse group of organisms that is also known as the Heterokonta or as heterokonts. conjugant, (6) the two haploid micronuclei in each cell fuse to form a Bacillariophyta(diatoms):This is a large and ubiquitous group of photoautotrophic stramenopiles that is found in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems. C. the absorption of light by pigments for transfer to chlorophyll a A. a common large worm. C. conjugation C. shooting acids Many stramenopiles also have an additional flagellum that lacks hair-like projections. C. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. A.; Issi, I. V.; Michaelevich, B. I.; Podlipaev, S. A.; Reshetnyak, V. V.; Seravin, L. N.; et al. D. A The final assembled sequence is distributed in 54 scaffolds and the deduced genome is 18.8 Mb in size (16.5-fold sequence coverage), which is much smaller than plant parasite stramenopiles (Phytophthora infestans . They are geologically useful as index fossils, with about 50,000 named species (about 10,000 species still extant). C. Increases in animal body sizes and appearance of shelled organisms. Are stramenopiles autotrophic or heterotrophic? -to support the life of the decomposers What are the three primary characteristics of organisms in the phylum Dinoflagellata?
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