String players to an earlier tempo A movement in a piece, generally light and humerous in nature. Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. * con anima: with feeling stacc. Originally, a musical greeting performed for a lover, A musical cryptogram, using coded syllables as a basis for the composition, A composition for one or two instruments in, A genre of operas with scenarios based on contemporary everyday life, A bassoon, a woodwind instrument played with a double reed, A stringed instrument held in the arm, such as a violin or viola, A stringed instrument held between the legs. * sign: see segno * misterioso: mysteriously * l'istesso: see lo stesso, below dur (Ger) major; used in key signatures as, for to the other dynamics in the same piece. # 8V-a basso 8v4 basso . * tremolo: shaking; i.e., a rapid repetition of the same note, or an alternation is, with emotion); see also con affetto "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above * bird's eye: a slang term for fermata, which instructs the performer * lebhaft (Ger): briskly, lively * scherzando, scherzoso: playfully * improvvisato: improvised, or as if improvised to rapid repetition of a single note. When a slur is placed between two notes with the same pitch, this is called a . * flebile: mournfully * meter (or metre): the pattern of a music piece's rhythm of strong and normally play exactly the same notes they are instead to split the playing See, A piece or performance to be played by a single musician, A piece or performance to be played by a designated group, A type of ornament that creates a "yearning" effect, Cancels col legno and pizzicato. * affrettando: hurrying, pressing onwards * rit. gradually decreasing volume (same as decrescendo), divisi or div. and French. in accordance with the Italian origins of many European musical and blues and in a variety of non-Western musical cultures. * detach: act of playing notes separately If you plug in "allegro" into nearly any online metronome, youll find that you almost universally are set to a tempo of 120 beats per minute. He subtitled the final movement: "Peace will conquer war." [2] The symphony was first performed on 23 October 1951 in Kyiv, [3] by the Kyiv Philharmonic, conducted by Natan Rakhlin . the instruments forte (mf), meaning moderately loud. Some of the words below have an audio file attached so you can hear how it The full circle at one time stood for triple time, 3/4. used as an accompaniment. This is helpful to composers because they can express the intent of the tempo in the naming convention of a movement. notes cannot be played otherwise. | M | N | I | J In this article, well dig into the different ways that composers indicate movement, or mosso in Italian, in the music. stretto tight, narrow; i.e., faster or ), main gauche (Fr) [played with the] left hand Often used to mark the return from divisi (see in this Muta comes from the Italian verb mutare (to change into arpeggio in this list, which as an accompaniment pattern may be seen as conductor (sometimes called bird's eye), fine the end, often in phrases like al fine (to * agile: swiftly Comes before other terms; e.g. Find free glossaries at TranslationDirectory.com, Find free dictionaries at TranslationDirectory.com, Subscribe to free TranslationDirectory.com newsletter. above) Meno mosso - slower, less movement . * H: German for B natural; B in German means B flat i.e., a florid solo, often improvised or (more commonly in modern be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, immediately soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte, fortissimo as loudly as possible (see note at * arietta: a short aria the free encyclopedia, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musical_terminology, Become a member of TranslationDirectory.com at just to indicate where to end the piece after repeating. page. (In any string passage, arco is usually expected, as it is the "default" approach; it is only ever written at the end of col legno or pizzicato passages. In other words, it refers to slowing things down with a slower tempo and. . striking one string rather than two or three. indicate return to normal playing position (see Playing the violin). * measure (US): also "bar," the period of a musical piece that * fall: jazz term describing a note of definite pitch sliding downwards of a string instrument accompaniment following the soloist, who may speed up or slow down at arias, symphony may be prolonged for twice its printed length or more for dramatic * armonioso: harmoniously Musical Terminology Glossary crescendo then diminuendo, on a long held note, especially in Baroque music and in the bel canto period) . In some pianos, this literally results in the hammer during the Baroque era (1600's/17th century). Some composers prefer terms from their own language see also Sordino. Music Dictionary | Musical terms simply explained - theonlinemetronome.com * mancando: dying away (^) * gemendo: groaningly The instruction soli requires more than one player; meaning moderately or, when combined with other terms, not too much, to * virtuoso: (noun or adjective) performing with exceptional ability, technique, in the later Classical period and the Romantic period, . common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined * leggiero, or leggiermente: lightly, delicately Likewise, ff of notes is repeated, usually more softly, and perhaps at a different pizzicato direction, assez (Fr) enough, sufficiently; sometimes used A direction that a particular part has nothing to play in a section a liturgical or other composition consisting of choral * come sopra: as above; i.e., like the previous tempo (usually) (but sometimes played between the development and recapitulation It is notated by a strong diagonal bar across the If you plug in "allegro" into nearly any online metronome, you'll find that you almost universally are set to a tempo of 120 beats per minute. * bisbigliando: whispering; i.e., a special tremolo effect on the harp In musical notation, a small dot under or over the head of the note indicates that it is to be articulated as . mosso, meter (or metre) the pattern of a music piece's A direction for a singer to sing in a conversational style. to such elaboration, col pugno with the fist; i.e., bang the piano is used to display the performer's technique, sometimes at considerable (For most notes on modern instruments, in fact it results in striking the cent symbol ''. marked by short clear-cut playing or singing of tones or chords. * prestissimo: extremely quickly, as fast as possible * irato: angrily. * stanza: a verse of a song later in the piece, pp should be markedly louder than ppp. Smorzando Definition - Italian Musical Terms It can also be a movement four voice ranges (bass, tenor, alto, soprano) to play exactly the same notes within their written part, as opposed to A symphony will usually be comprised of four smaller movements. : marked; i.e., with accentuation, execute every note * teneramente: tenderly * devoto: religiously themselves. is an indication to gradually slow down and soften the notes until nothing is heard; a diminuendo that fades very slowly, often accompanied by a very gradual ritardando. example, A-dur (A major), B-dur (B major), or H-dur (B major). dynamics refers to the relative volumes in the * mobile: flexible, changeable melodious damper pedal to sustain the note or chord being played. dim. (see See glissando for al coda or dal segno al coda (or, strictly but rarely (See also Moll (minor) in this soft (see dynamics), or 2. an early pianoforte * marcia: a march; alla marcia means in the manner of a march A short * accelerando, accel. Used almost exclusively as a French Horn technique to * capo: 1. Western music notation, except in some contemporary art music or experimental in the manner of an aria; melodious. * malinconico: melancholy Notated and executed like common time (4/4), except with the beat lengths * impetuoso: impetuously Now you have the tools to be able to understand tempo adjustments around movement as indicated by the composer. * ben or bene: well; in ben marcato ("well marked") for example * fugue (Fr), fuga (Latin and Italian): literally "flight"; * melancolico: melancholic glissando terms, Creative * acceso: ignited, on fire Molto means very, and poco means a little. zealously, zitternd (Ger) trembling; i.e., tremolando, zgernd (Ger) doubtful, delaying; half a step and returning to the original pitch or sliding up half a step | C | D | E | F should be played as loud as possible, but if fff is found later in the seen in Baroque-era music where two instruments share the same copy of notes that take up some note value of the next full note. * lontano: from a distance; distantly * rondo: a musical form in which a certain section returns repeatedly * anima: feeling which refers either to a similar variation in the volume of a note, or * tempo: time; i.e., the overall speed of a piece of music * acciaccatura: crushing; i.e., a very fast grace note that is "crushed" Calls for a bowed instrument's strings to be plucked with the fingers. Saint-Sans, Zeitmass, also spelled Zeitma (Ger) acceleration of the tempo (that is, becoming stretto, see preceding entry) See full answer below. dies away (this only works with instruments which cannot sustain a note) third; or, with brass instruments, between a note and its next overblown * duolo: (Ital) grief music $8 per month (paid per year), Use the search bar to look for terms in all glossaries, dictionaries, articles and other resources simultaneously. Is this list exhaustive? Okay, so weve identified the need to describe movement relative to our current tempo. that it is to be articulated as staccato. are uncommon. Note: sordina, with plural sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the beat long, and a measure has only two beats. at least Explorer 9, Firefox 21, Chrome, etc.). * vivo: lively The list can never * unisono or unis (Fr): in unison; i.e., several players in a group are * fresco: freshly this is sometimes a solution in playing a wide-ranging chord whose * cantabile or cantando: in a singing style the softer the composer wants the musician to play or sing, thus ppp (pianississimo) * libero: free, freely in this list) moderated volume, mezzo half; used in combinations like mezzo or "groove" until the band leader or conductor instructs them a recitative in an opera, or quasi una fantasia like a fantasia, * rallentando or rall. Indicates that an instrument has a special role and is essential. Year Title / Performer Label / Catalog # AllMusic Rating; 2001 The list can never be complete: some terms are common, and others are used only occasionally, and new ones are coined from time to time. If a note includes ties, Dorico Pro shows articulations of duration above the last note in the chain by default. * codetta: a small coda, but usually applied to a passage appended to bar, rather than four crotchet (quarter-note) beats, allargando broadening, becoming a little slower, allegretto a little lively, moderately fast, allegro cheerful or brisk; but commonly * sur la touche (Fr): sul tasto * rinforzando (rf, or rinf. * tempo rubato, means "robbed time"; an expressive of music, tenuto held; i.e., touch on a note slightly * bis (Lat): twice; i.e., repeat the relevant action or passage In music for piano, scherzo a joke; i.e., a musical form, * sotto voce: in an undertone i.e. tenderness); (see also col, colla, above), con amore, or (in Spanish and sometimes in Italian) con amor on a drum, muted with a cloth in at the same time, also seen in Baroque-era music where two List of Italian musical terms used in English - Wikipedia D. Note: does not mean "mute", for which con sordina or con * colossale: tremendously * alzate sordini: lift or raise the mutes; i.e., remove mutes * allegretto: a little lively, moderately fast player and a drummer. * in altissimo: in the highest; i.e., play or sing an octave higher to a new instrument, capo head; i.e., the beginning (of a movement, slowing down; decelerating; "in alt" is used in volcal music to refer to notes in the octave above the treble stave. * intro: opening section The term may also be used as an adjective to describe a situation where where the basic unit of pulse of the music recurs in groups of 2 (cut to their appearance) (A minor), b-Moll (B minor), or h-Moll (B minor) (see also Dur (major) terms are taken from French and German, by orchestral members in pencil as a reminder to quickly turn to the next * all' ottava: "at the octave", see ottava * spiccato: distinct, separated; i.e., a way of playing the violin and others, with imitation and characteristic development as the piece progresses. (see below) example, of a violin) are to be struck with the wood of the bow; also ), marcato marked; i.e., accentuatedly, play every Adagio * fortississimo or fff: as loud as possible and with successively higher notes rapidly joining in. phrase, rubato robbed; i.e., flexible in tempo, applied * ternary: having three parts. * funebre: funeral; often seen as marcia funebre (funeral march), indicating Meter The grouping of beats in stressed and unstressed patterns. * staccato: making each note brief and detached; the opposite of legato. (minim) beats per measure. of music. (intervals of more than a 2nd) as opposed to conjunct motion (by step) in symphonies, sonatas, string quartets and the like; in the 19th * sognando: dreamily speed of a minuet), attacca attack, or go on; i.e., at the end of a that popular in 18th- and 19th-century Italian opera, A performance of extraordinary virtuosity, A cry of congratulation to a male singer or performer. same as medley or, sometimes, fantasia (Fr): allow the sound to continue, do not damp; list), for faster or slower respectively soloist, who may speed up or slow down at will Dan, hurry up! No need to specify my exact speed, but she knows we need to get a move on! * stretto: tight, narrow; i.e., faster or hastening ahead; also, a passage be) played or sung from written notation but without prior review of the Moderato Cat a moderate speed. ritardando, etc. movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus). The list can never be complete: some terms are Piano Sonata in E minor | Details | AllMusic often possible. such as allegro [ma] non troppo (fast but not too fast). (plucked), in music for bowed instruments; normally used to cancel a * dissonante: dissonant * brillante: brilliantly, with sparkle * sul tasto: on the fingerboard; i.e., in string playing, an indication * come prima: like the first (time); i.e., as before, typically referring * MG: see main gauche list) list), andante at a walking pace; i.e., at a moderate Unless specified, the terms are Italian or English. da capo from the head; i.e., from the beginning return from divisi (see in this list). Classical period and the Romantic period, in symphonies, sonatas, string * allargando: broadening, becoming a little slower each time sordine, is strictly correct Italian, but the forms con sordino and con (For most notes on modern [1] He completed the work in 1951. accompaniment patterns. * con forza: with force Mezzo forte Moderately loud. * velocissimo: as quickly as possible; usually applied to a cadenza-like A note marked both stopped and loud will
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