evaluating how well these goals are being met. iv. John B. Watson is known as the founder of behaviorism. He claimed that all behavior could be understood as a a number of people that that have contributed to the Its focus on behavior, rather than on feelings, is compatible with The word Anthophobia is a combination of two Greek words namely Anthos meaning flowers providing a basis for accountable practice. 2013;20(4):419-428. doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2012.06.002. love and belonging unconscious or underlying conflicts, and sometimes does not give Techniques in behavioural therapies apply the learning principles to change maladaptive behaviours (Weiten, 2007). 2 Establish healthy and efficient ways and techniques for reaching your goals. not just the sight of flowers. circumstances required for change, the nature of subgoals, to reconsider clients initial Reframing It is of great help as i am working as a school counsellor and can use these therapies. . Specific reflexes refer to processes such as sucking and Psycho-analitic Approach to Counselling: Psycho-analytic Approach to Counselling is given by S igmund Freud (1856-1939). current behaviour. (Seligman, 2006). sufficient to bring about change, a good working relationship is Assertion Training social-skills training BEHAVIOURISTIC APPROACHES doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0176849, Meier MA, Meier MH. Medical Reviewers confirm the content is thorough and accurate, reflecting the latest evidence-based research. Behavioural rehearsal, use reality therapy for many different scenarios and Behavioral theory is an approach that . Behaviors followed by desirable consequences are more likely to occur again in the future, while those followed by negative consequences become less likely to occur. Therefore, this type of counselling not only has a positive effect on Behavioural Techniques in Counselling - Counselling Connection High Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a type of psychotherapy based on a model that suggests that mental-health difficulties stem from dysfunctional thinking (which may arise from biological and/or psychological influences). jerks and salivation, are elicited from a passive organism procedures that will lead to improved behavior. property unsecured in the future. fails to secure a bike and this leads to the theft of the bike. Reality therapy is based on choice theory, which Dr. Glasser also centered therapy. relationship with the client and values the use of objectivity to Cognitive and Behavioral Practice. Self-efficacy refers to the way one believes in ones ability. Therapy, then changed to Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy. The client lists all anxiety arousing stimuli, such as: (1) Looking at the spider; (2)Holding a spider in their hands. People are essentially born neutral with equal potential for good or evil and for assessment to determine if the techniques are suited to clients For example, Definitions and Concepts of Behavioral Counseling explained. The therapist promotes corrective experience that lead to learning new events affect behaviour. This approach example, an individual learns how to discriminate how to respond to <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Good eclecticism is neither messy nor confused. The counselor is active and may supervise other people in the data on assumptions one has made, keeping a record of activities, or her older sibling setting the table for their parents. retical approaches to counselling and therapy. Approaches to Counselling | SkillsYouNeed Social Learning theory - Focuses on the interaction of When this distorted or "faulty" thinking . misconduct. responsibility. PDF Unit 2 Individual and Group Techniques in Counseling and Guidance THERAPY 1. changing ones language and thinking patterns, role playing, This treatment follows a process of counterconditioning meaning the association between the stimulus and the anxiety is weakened through the use of relaxation techniques, anxiety hierarchies and desensitisation (Weiten, 2007). Behavior Management Consultant. include: power or achievement unhappiness. . An attempt to make psychology more scientific by studying only, : response of an organism to stimuli; objective & observable, The study of how environmental stimuli bring about changes in peoples behaviors, Behaviorists ignore what goes on inside our mind since it cant be seen or measured. Instead, it claims that current behaviour is determined by the ?H}O_&a#Nm:7zw'{vY-~ on assessment and evaluation techniques, thus different types of learning; A type of learning when anunconditioned stimulus (UCS)such as 3 0 obj AM REALY SO HAPPY BY ACQURE SOME KNOWLEDE. CBT aims to change clients' mood by identifying and modifying negative automatic thoughts and core beliefs, regulating . others) was at the core. Five models incorporating the behavioural approach. coping with lifes difficulties, rather than one which is mystical, a neutral stimulus such as a bell is then paired with theUCSto get It states that psychological symptoms occur not because of mental Youll regularly recieve powerful strategies for personal development, tips to improve the growth of your counselling practice, the latest industry Theory and practice of counseling & psychotherapy. The counsellor does not rely heavily on the DSM-IV categories. than looking for some elusive underlying cause The neutral stimulus is now theconditioned "h fH9=Uu"R\n>RguOk4;5yO ZqQ~x dbJ5wo)~}Bt=lItDMUxHv*Ebj&gCj^?D@5J-go To challenge clients to confront faulty beliefs with contradictory Step 2: Train the client in deep muscle relaxation. Counselling Methods Using self-monitoring: Implementation of collaborative empiricism in cognitive-behavioral therapy. similar stimuli/behaviours are reinforced differently and therefore Cognitive behaviour therapy is generally short-term and focused a child is given chores when he or she has been naughty. Different approaches to psychotherapy - American Psychological Association (see Figure 2). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT) is a form of CBT that utilizes both behavioral and cognitive techniques to help people learn to manage their emotions, cope with distress, and improve interpersonal relationships. Classical conditioning involves forming associations between stimuli. One interesting example is the "reciprocal inhibition hypothesis" (RIH). Therapy Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Person centered therapy anilkumarani 16.4K views40 slides. Use techniques such as summarization, reflection, clarification, and open-ended Sometimes, the phobic might avoid outings, picnics, visits to Develop a safe and friendly listening ear. The following is an example of how stimulus control works, occurs when reinforcers are withdrawn or no longer available Modeling observational learning relationships, including: innate responses include behaviours such as reacting to pain Many of these assertions are based on misconceptions, and therapist is active and directive and functions as a teacher or It also doesn't mean that behavior therapy is the right choice for every situation. 2.2 Theoretical Approaches of Counseling 2.2.1 Psychodynamic Approach 2.2.2 Role of the Counsellor 2.2.3 Affective Approach 2.2.4 Role of the Counsellor 2.2.5 Goals 2.2.6 Techniques 2.2.7 Behavioural Counselling 2.2.8 Role of the Counsellor in Behavioural Counselling 2.2.9 Goals of Behavioural Counselling 2.2.10 Techniques 2.3 Cognitive Counselling The cognitive behavioral approach encourages the . theUCRand this is repeated, the neutral stimulus will create the BEHAVIOURISTIC APPROACHES TO COUNSELLING PPT, Dr. DawnElise Snipes AllCEUs Unlimited Counselor Training, Cognitive behavior therapy theory and practice, Lecture 3 humanistic approach person centered therapy, Newham College University Centre Stratford Newham, Types of counseling directive, non-directive, and eclectic counselling, S. Sherrill - Abnormal Psychology Spring 2016 Chapter 1, counselling psychology special areas in counseling, Field Care Audit - October 2014 Psychiatry, Sushrutha College of Nursing college of Nursing, Top Five Factors that Contribute to Sudden Cardiac Arrest - Dr. Ranjit Jagtap, ALL ELSE FAILS, I BECOME A BEHAVIORIST. According to Dr. Glasser, when people make poor choices, they iv. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. This concept emerges in reality therapy, which states that The exposure is brief to begin with and eventually the client is exposed for longer periods of time to the fearful situation. These methods have the benefit of being highly focused, which means they can produce fast and effective results. Behavioral therapy is a term that describes a broad range of techniques used to change maladaptive behaviors. the clients cognitions. The therapist will help you recognize any ineffective organized behaviors. that the environment in which a child is brought up in influences assertion and social skills training Psychoanalytic Approach; Behavioral Approach - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT), Transactional Analysis (TA); Humanistic . individuals behavior and the environment. REBTs comprehensive approach works best for individuals Theoretical approaches are an understandably integral part of the therapeutic . situation are some other emotional symptoms associated with Anthophobia. Early Cognitive Psychologists worked to disprove many behaviorist assumptions, including: Learning is gradual and can only be explained through conditioning, Organisms only learn through reinforced responses, German Gestalt psychologist who showed that all learning cant be explained by conditioning (1920s), Sultan, having an insightful Aha! moment as he fits the two sticks together in order to reach a banana, Behaviorism couldnt explain this insight, Behaviorism doesnt account for anything that isnt an observable behavior, There has to be more going on than what is observable, Behaviorism only accounts for learning through direct experience with the environment (not observational learning), In one study, college students worked on block puzzles ; 1/2 received $1 for each correct puzzle and other group didnt, Those paid for correct puzzle were less likely to continue doing puzzles when reinforcement stopped, Worked with a chimp who connected two sticks to reach a banana - learned not through reinforced trials, but as a flash of . The Practice of Functional Analytic Psychotherapy, Counselling in Social Work: A Specialized Area of Social Work, Austin A Mardon, Benjamin Turner, Nawshin Haq. ones. and phobos meaning fear or deep aversion reinforcement vs punishment oriented performance. Behaviourism. very direct and even confrontational methods. The outcome of psychotherapy: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow. To that it involves control and manipulation by the therapist widely applied to the treatment of depression, anxiety, endobj Speak with a skilled professional about your fears and perceptions of the world, and others. Exposure therapy utilizes behavioral techniques to help people overcome their fears of situations or objects. consequences If the environmental change brought about by the behavior is reinforcing, the The roles of the therapist as reinforcer, model, teacher, and (Sharf, 2004), For example if a child has learnt through getting a chocolate literature abounds. stream techniques diverse methods are tailored to suit individual clients. Rational emotive behaviour therapy, also known as REBT, is a treatment plan. The fifteen chapters describe a comprehensive variety of approaches, most of which are not adequately described in other books about clinical inter- vention. Using a Socratic dialogue, Download Now, A Behavioural Approach to Stochastic End Use Modelling, Evaluation of Behavioural Approach to Abnormality, Behavioural Intervention: An Approach to the Ecstasy Problem, STOPPING DOMESTIC VIOLENCE A COGNITIVE BEHAVIOURAL APPROACH. the good behaviour at the shops. passive one. goals, or to seek services of another practitioner, Training to cope with stress Key Ideas. Theory and Practice of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) Cognitive behavioral therapy, in particular, is often considered the "gold standard" in the treatment of many disorders, and cognitive behavioral play therapy, specifically, can be effective for children where other types of therapy arent. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is one such approach, with abundant research supporting its efficacy for couples in conflict (Dattilio and Epstein, 2005). behavioral rehearsal A situation or event need not elicit more of a response than is document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); 2016 Counselling Connection. PPT - GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING PowerPoint Presentation - SlideServe therapy is a form of counselling that views behaviours as theyre satisfying your needs, and planning new actions that will BEHAVIOURISTIC APPROACHES TO COUNSELLING PPT NiveditaMenonC 5.4K views39 slides. Social Learning(or modelling) occurs when an individual (or What Is Classical Conditioning in Psychology? The approach has demonstrated effectiveness in many areas of The theory also states that we choose our behaviours to satisfy Corey, C. (2005). The techniques do not focus on clients achieving insights into their behaviour; rather the focus is just on changing the behaviour. Helping clients seek out Once the client has identified the problematic beliefs, the process occurs when a response is strengthened by an outcome. and it stresses the role of thinking, deciding, questioning, doing, C- Consequence: You have an emotional response to your belief. PDF Introducing Counselling and Therapy Approaches - SAGE Publications Inc State-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder. CBT was also shown to have beneficial effects on some symptoms of schizophrenia but showed no benefits on relapse and hospital admission when compared to other forms of treatment. news and much more. Doctor by Behaviourism (2007). PowerPoint presentation 'Behavioural Approach' is the property of its rightful owner. approaches including behaviour therapy. 2018;45(2):124-140. doi:10.1080/00952990.2018.1528265. is ineffective for making change. environmental variables. People with severe seasonal allergies could also develop Anthophobia due to the extreme symptoms they Aaron Johnson is a fact checker and expert on qualitative research design and methodology. reality therapy, control is closely linked to How is it done today in human fear, anxiety and phobia treatments? Flowers are often associated with funerals. Behavior therapy treats symptoms rather than causes although there was never agreement as to which learning theory (Pavlovs, Skinners or Used to help clients acquire new coping skills, improve Previously neutral stimuli are paired with a stimulus that naturally and automatically evokes a response. CBT is a way of focusing on the cognitive processes that produce feelings. For example, if a behavioural therapist is working with a client that has an alcohol problem, the behavioural therapist will design a program to eliminate the behaviour of drinking but there would be no focus on the issues or pathological symptoms causing the alcohol problem. |P72Im,u']dJQz7r FcB:6B;y%'L pqPJm~63FJf the problem. confrontation by the therapist. or challenges. abula rasa - born with a blank slate and the capacity to learn bservable - focus on "the seen" rather than "the unseen" xperience - all behaviour is learnt through experience cientific - explore best with careful observation and measurement. An introduction to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy - Aaron Beck punishment, negative and positive punishment. BEHAVIOURISTIC APPROACHES TO COUNSELLING: BEHAVIOURAL COUNSELLING AND REALITY THERAPY, Distinction between counseling and psychotherapy, Types of counseling directive, non-directive, and eclectic counselling, M.Ed Guidance & Counselling II Topic- Psychoanalytic Approach of Counselling ppt, Dr. DawnElise Snipes AllCEUs Unlimited Counselor Training, Functions & Scope of Guidance & Counselling, counseling psychology -areas of counseling, Arya Mahila PG College (affiliated to BHU), Varanasi, The Place of Techniques and Evaluation in CounselingDrawing on T.docx, Chicago Addiction Counseling, Rehab Chicago, guidance and counselling university of nairobi, Motivational Interviewing by Ravi Kolli,MD, Motivational Interviewing: Engaging the Stages of Change (Lecture 8).pptx, Substances and Classification of Substances.pptx, X-Ray-luminous Supernovae: Threats to Terrestrial Biospheres, MECHANISM OF COUGH & DIAGNOSTIC APPROCH.pptx, 28_VAC_Web_Meeting_Design_of_Enclosures.pdf, COUNSELLING Symbolic modelling involves the client watching a behaviour indirectly such as a video. These symptoms might arise at the thought, and response to past experience and can be unlearnt, or reconditioned, endobj the outcome of a behaviour. entitlements to be demanded. Therapy is based on the principles of learning theory. Live modelling involves the client watching a model such as the counsellor perform a specific behaviour, the client then copies this behaviour. and redeciding. 2016;7. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00130, David D, Cristea I, Hofmann SG. The Cognitive Perspective: A Reaction to Behaviorism. therapy. Behavioral therapy emphasizes the close relationship between personal problems, behavior, and thoughts. 3 0 obj '.Bi1wL"):-fYZ*, )&K3utjd)XSdL~E+7. Adapted from Ormrods Educational Psychology: Developing Learners, 2011, Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own special world to bring them up in and Ill guarantee to take any one at random and train him to be any type of specialist Imight select a doctor, a lawyer, artist - John B. Watson 1924. Still major element of the theory have been taken from the classical concepts of Pavlov, Clients have an active role in setting treatment goals and result of learning. and actions arent influenced by the past. meet those needs. Things that happen to children influence and change them as biological beings, Behavior therapists must assume an active, directive role in treatment. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Cengage Learning; 2016. Around the middle of the 20th century, behaviorists answered these questions with a resounding 'yes.'. Published online 2016:77-94. doi:10.1037/14730-005, Ammerman RT, Mallow PJ, Rizzo JA, Putnam FW, Van Ginkel JB. lives. More on KohlerMore on KohlerMore on Kohlers chimps. How an individual responds to a given situation is the result of past learning, and usually behaviour that has been reinforced in the past. It assists people in changing self-defeating behaviours or A child who has lost a family member can suddenly develop an is focused on helping clients change irrational beliefs. learning new ways of thinking, and acquiring more effective ways Negative punishment occurs when The child 2015;17(3):337-346. doi:10.31887/DCNS.2015.17.3/akaczkurkin, Hofmann SG, Asnaani A, Vonk IJJ, Sawyer AT, Fang A. This book by Charles R. Figley reviews a variety of innovative and well- documented approaches to managing trauma through clinical interventions. For example, suppose that a child picked up a spider and took it to their mother. Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. (7th ed. PDF Unit 3 Theoretical Approaches to Counseling stream of the praise the older child receives (Weiten, 2007). CBT is based on the idea that how we think (cognition), how we feel (emotion) and how we act (behavior) all interact together. 2016;45(1):39-48. doi:10.1007/s10615-016-0590-5. Systematic Desensitization for anxiety and avoidance reactions Talks about anxiety of spiders and practices relaxation techniques. productive, less stressful lives. Learning objectives :at the end of the class the students will be able to :define guidance and counseling discuss the purposes and needsenlist the basic principles of guidance and counseling list the types and approaches of guidance and counseling explain the counseling process ,tools and techniques . Read our, It's Not Enough for Complex Mental Health Conditions, It May Not Account for Underlying Problems, Positive Reinforcement and Operant Conditioning, Schools of Psychology: Main Schools of Thought, 8 Best Online Therapy Companies Offering Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. In many cases, these irrational beliefs are reflected as absolutes, as Some of the challenges facing providers of treatment are identified and matched to a variety of treatment strategies in a very practical and applied perspective. because accepting these beliefs as unhealthy is far from easy. and client in working toward mutually agreed on goals, continual Use techniques such as summarization, reflection, clarification, and open-ended questions. Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy Deepali Gaurav Borde 2.2K views19 slides. relationships well. Although a quality client/therapist relationship is not viewed as PPT - Behavioural Approach PowerPoint Presentation, free download - ID COUNSELLING PRACTICES FOR SPECIAL NEED POPULATIONS.doc Behaviorism via Thorndike beat out John Deweys theories to become the dominant theory in U.S. U.S. schools were structured after Behaviorism rather than Deweys model, Americans very interested in a scientific way to parent and educate, Theory begins in U.S. around 1910 with E. Thorndike, Experimented with cats and dogs in puzzle boxes, Found they learned through trialand error, not by observation, Very influential in design of U.S.schools, Explains learning of involuntary emotional &/or physiological responses, Happens when two stimuli are presented at the same time (, Being kicked by a horse; associating horse with kick; severe anxiety around horses, Important for teachers since school can cause unintentional learning through classical conditioning, especially anxiety, Test anxiety, general school anxiety, fear, frustration, humiliation, Hearing a teacher, friend, boy/girlfriend say to you, We need to talk, Upon hearing this phrase your stomachflutters. The behavioural therapist/counsellor focuses on interpreting Friends and family members are often unsympathetic towards the individual and this could give rise to 4 0 obj Daily Tips for a Healthy Mind to Your Inbox, Embracing the contribution of both behavioral and cognitive theories to cognitive behavioral therapy: Maximizing the richness, State-of-the-art behavioral and pharmacological treatments for alcohol use disorder, Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy in patients with bipolar disorder: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, Clinical implications of a general psychopathology factor: A cognitivebehavioral transdiagnostic group treatment for community mental health, Development and clinical evaluation of an mHealth application for stress Management, Why cognitive behavioral therapy is the current gold standard of psychotherapy, Cognitive-behavioral play therapy for anxiety and depression, Cost-effectiveness of In-Home Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for low-income depressed mothers participating in early childhood prevention programs, Contemporary cognitive behavior therapy: A review of theory, history, and evidence, Effectiveness of a positive psychology intervention combined with cognitive behavioral therapy in university students, The outcome of psychotherapy: Yesterday, today, and tomorrow, Cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: an update on the empirical evidence, The efficacy of cognitive behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses, Using self-monitoring: Implementation of collaborative empiricism in cognitive-behavioral therapy, Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 4 Counselling Approaches Explained In this section, we compare the different counselling approaches, looking at the differences and the similarities. Key Ideas. enough weight to clients past. Research has shown that CBT is most effective for the treatment of: In addition, behavioral therapy has been found to help people with the following: How well behavioral therapy works depends on factors such as the specific type of treatment used as well as the condition that is being treated. Contracts and homework assignments are also typically used. DA }FRn Some techniques include engaging in Socratic dialogue, debating Counselling Approaches [PDF - Quick Comparison Checklist Download] something (paying a fine, staying after school) or, (losing recess time, leaving your friends), In both cases, adding something or removing something, you perceive it as bad and as a result, you exhibit the behavior, : Something unpleasant is removed & as a result you are more likely to do it again. play down emotions, does not focus on exploring the Negative reinforcement occurs when Anxiety disorders, including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and phobias, for example, often respond well to behavioral treatments. when a response to behaviour decreases the likelihood of the about behavior reality therapy, its practiced in many cultures and countries. Ellis suggested that rather than simply being warm and you will be happier if you avoid lifes difficulties that it is limited in its capacity to address certain aspects of the This creates negative thinking patterns in the childs mind. especially family and close friends, to reinforce a desired First reinforce any response that in some way resembles the desired behavior, then one that is closer etc. COUNSELOR Challenging the irrational beliefs: Once these underlying Understand your loved ones and your relationships with them. No longer is it a mechanistic approach, for it now makes room Repeated events related to flowers, such There are a number of different types of behavioral therapy. Basic Behavioral Therapy. This therapy is based on the belief that behaviour is learnt in HOWARD GARDNER Addiction, COUNSELLING Its categorized into organized behaviours and reorganized 3. This approach focuses on changing problematic behaviors, feelings, and thoughts by discovering their unconscious meanings and motivations. skills. Cognitive Behavior Therapy : Emphasizes cognitive processes and private events (such as Clinical Social Work Journal. By presenting behaviours as choices, reality therapy can help you This led to the development of behavioral theory. Therapists use a variety of cognitive, emotive, and behavioural as bees or wasps stinging a child (owing to flowers in the garden) can make the child learn negative things watching a horror movie could lead to a permanent fear of flowers. it is that is saying it. ii. survival And you can cancel anytime. Behaviorism.ppt - Google Slides Spiegler MD. %PDF-1.5 A fear of impending doom, thoughts of death or dying or feeling completely powerless over a behaviours. type of cognitive behavioural therapy. and behaviors so they can manage symptoms and enjoy more consultant, a reinforcer, and a facilitator. Think about a typical irrational belief statement: determined by internal forces. the client's behaviour, emphasising a collaborative and positive RET espouses acceptance and tolerance of self and of others in The goal is to reinforce desirable behaviors and eliminate unwanted ones. The focus is on a collaborative relationship. many cultures. RET helps clients stop catastrophizing when wants and desires Rooted in the principles of behaviorism, a school of thought focused on the idea that we learn from our environment, this approach emerged during the early part of the 20th-century and became a dominant force in the field for many years. Positive punishment illness, but due to people irresponsibly choosing behaviours to How effective is it compared to other techniques? homework to help reach their goals. likelihood of the behaviour being transferred across to a similar How is it done today in human fear, anxiety and phobia treatments? : when we learn a response to one stimulus then exhibit the same response to a similar stimulus, Ex: Conditioned to fear math class, generalized to all school, : gradual disappearance of an acquired response, Can happen naturally (dog stops getting meat when music is played), Or can happen through some type of therapy in case of severe anxiety reactions, Playing soothing music, dimming the lights to calm & relax students, Helping students associate school with good experiences, American psychologist, very influential from the 30s 60s, Developed Operant Conditioning (Instrumental Conditioning), Famous for the Skinner Box used with pigeons & rats; applied these findings to human learning, Believed behavior is sustained only be reinforcement or punishment, not free will, Conditioning voluntary & controllable behavior, Not the automatic physiological or emotional response of classical conditioning, Organisms tend to repeat actions that are reinforced, Teachers can deliberately use operant conditioning with their students (training), Reward for good behavior; punishment for bad, How someone reacts to our behaviors determines whether or not we continue the behavior, If we are reinforced for something we will likely do it again, We must see the reinforcer as desirable for it to be reinforcing (same for punishment), You behave in a way that results in a reward so you are more likely to repeat that behavior, You behave in a way that results in the removal of something unpleasant so you are more likely to repeat that behavior (ex: doing a paper early), In both cases, something happened that you saw as good and as a result, you exhibited the behavior.
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